32 research outputs found
Action Research: Applied Research, Intervention Research, Collaborative Research, Practitioner Research, or Praxis Research?
This article relates common ways of conceptualising action research as
âinterventionâ, âcollaborationâ, âinteractive researchâ, âapplied researchâ,
and âpractitioner researchâ to a number of different ways of knowing, extracted
from the works of Aristotle. The purpose is not to disavow any of
these practices but to expand the philosophical, methodological, and theoretical
horizon to contain the Aristotelian concept of praxis. It is claimed
that praxis knowing needs to be comprehended in order to realize the full,
radical potential in action research providing real âadded valueâ in relation
to more conventional social research approaches. Praxis knowing radically
challenges the divisions of labour between knower-researchers and the
known-researched. Thereby it also challenges both the epistemologies and
institutionalisations dominating both conventional research and conventional
ways of conceptualising action research
Symbiotic Learning Systems: Reorganizing and Integrating Learning Efforts and Responsibilities Between Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) and Work Places
This article presents the idea of âsymbiotic learning systemsâ as a possible strategy for dealing with institutional knowledge and learning challenges posed by an emerging transition from âsocially monopolizedâ to âsocially distributedâ knowledge generation and distribution. As knowledge production and learning become increasingly relocated from segregated and specialized institutions for research and education and socially distributed to and within âordinaryâ work life, corresponding changes are required in the basic institutionalized relationships between research, higher education, and practical knowledge application. The concept of âsymbiotic learningâ addresses these problems by deconstructing age-old divisions between vocational and liberal education. In order to build foundations for a changed and
improved relationship between advanced organizations in work life and institutions
of higher education and research (HEIs), the general preconditions for learning in the
work places themselves need to be addressed. In modeling general preconditions for learning, and even in transcending the division of labor between manual and intellectual work, inspiration is found in the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, and in their search for intellectual âcommonsâ (tĂ koinĂĄ) as constituting public spheres and
community among individuals
PhrĂłnĂȘsis, Aristotle, and action research
"This article presents an interpretation of Aristotelian phrĂłnĂȘsis and its
relevance for action research. After pointing out some insufficiencies in
how phrĂłnĂȘsis is applied by other interpreters with relevance for action
research, I present my own interpretation of Aristotleâs concept in the
wider context of his thinking on intellectual and ethical virtues. The
articleâs conclusion is that phrĂłnĂȘsis is very important for both action
researchers and others. But at the same time, phrĂłnĂȘsis is not a concept
that can be adopted by itself, alone, and in isolation from other intellectual
and ethical virtues or ways of knowing. PhrĂłnĂȘsis is necessary, but at the
same time insufficient. PhrĂłnĂȘsis is not a concept primarily concerned
with learning, inquiry, and research. Its primary focus is âapplicationâ,
performance, or enactment. Action research has a lot to learn from
Aristotle, and phrĂłnĂȘsis is definitely among the things to be learned.
Aristotleâs praxis-orientation sticks even deeper, however. This more
profound praxis-orientation becomes quite invisible by operating with
simplified and mutually exclusive divisions between phrĂłnĂȘsis, tĂ©khnĂȘ,
and epistĂȘmĂȘ, and by conflating other distinctions that were important to
maintain for Aristotle. Aristotleâs profound praxis-orientation is even
more central to action research. It has to do with dialogue or dialectics
whose tasks really are fundamentally concerned with learning, inquiry,
and research." (author's abstract
Why Should Mainstream Social Researchers Be Interested in Action Research?
"The essay tries to argue why conventional researchers are obliged as researchers
to be interested in certain forms of action research. The 60 years
of ignorance have been illegitimate. The essay starts by listing two commonly
encountered arguments paraphrasing Karl Marx and Francis Bacon
via Kurt Lewin. It tries to show why a certain simplified reading of Marx
cannot provide the necessary arguments. It then presents different variants
of action research in order to single out approaches that according to this
author require attention from mainstream social researchers. The action
research approach emerging as central, by demonstrating its presence and
effectiveness within mainstream research as well, is immanent critique.
The method of research methodology is immanent critique. Immanent critique
has to be demystified, however. When it is brought down to earth,
immanent critique is really the kind of dialogical and experiential learning
approach associated with apprenticeship learning and with organisational
learning. This conclusion, making self-reflective practitioner-research the
âhard-coreâ of action research, even internal to mainstream research, also
requires a revision of the experimentalist-as-interventionist credo of action
research." (author's abstract
Six versus 2 weeks treatment with doxycycline in European Lyme neuroborreliosis: a multicentre, noninferiority, double-blinded, randomised and placebocontrolled trial
Background
There is limited evidence regarding optimal duration of antibiotic treatment in neuroborreliosis. We aimed to compare efficacy and safety of oral doxycycline for 2 and 6âweeks in European Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB).
Methods
The trial had a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority design. Patients with LNB were recruited from eight Norwegian hospitals and randomised to doxycycline 200âmg once daily for 2âweeks, followed by 4âweeks of placebo, or doxycycline 200âmg once daily for 6âweeks. The primary endpoint was clinical improvement as measured by difference in a Composite Clinical Score (0â64 points) from baseline to 6âmonths. The non-inferiority margin was predetermined to 0.5 points.
Results
One hundred and twenty-one patients were included. Fifty-two treated for 2âweeks and 53 for 6âweeks were included in the intention-to-treat analyses, and 52 and 51 in per-protocol analysis. Mean difference in clinical improvement between the groups was 0.06, 95%âCI â1.2 to 1.2, p=0.99 in the intention-to-treat population, and â0.4, 95%âCI â1.4 to 0.7, p=0.51 in the per-protocol population and non-inferiority could not be established. There were no treatment failures and no serious adverse events. The groups did not differ in secondary outcomes including clinical scores at 10 weeks and 12 months, cerebrospinal fluid data and patient-reported outcome measures. Patients receiving 6âweeks doxycycline reported slightly more side effects in week 5.
Conclusion
Our results strongly indicate that there are no benefits of doxycycline treatment beyond 2âweeks in European LNB.publishedVersio
Turning practically : broadening the horizon
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the special issue, positioning the articles in relation to the current "turn to practice" within organisation and management studies.
Design/methodology/approach The paper introduces a schematic classification of ways of putting practice at the centre of the concern of social scientists depending on the interest of the researcher and his/her position with regard to the object of the research.
Findings The paper finds that turning to practice does not necessarily, or simply, equate with becoming more engaged, or with making social science relevant, or with moving social science closer to the practical concerns of separate practitioners. It is argued that the effort should be concentrated on developing a type of theory that helps practitioners articulate what they already do, and therefore somehow know. The model for this way of theorising would therefore be not physics or astronomy but rather grammar a discipline that although just as old, has been based traditionally on a very different relationship between knower and known.
Practical implications The paper argues that when conceived after a grammatical model, "theory" may become a resource to be used in action and for action to produce emancipatory awareness and trigger change through critical reflection.
Originality/value The papers in this special issue constitute an initial contribution in this direction as they indicate different ways in which theory, when developed "with" and "amid" and not "for" or even "about" practitioners, may become a powerful trigger of change and transformation
Action Research: Applied Research, Intervention Research, Collaborative Research, Practitioner Research, or Praxis Research?
This article relates common ways of conceptualising action research as
âinterventionâ, âcollaborationâ, âinteractive researchâ, âapplied researchâ,
and âpractitioner researchâ to a number of different ways of knowing, extracted
from the works of Aristotle. The purpose is not to disavow any of
these practices but to expand the philosophical, methodological, and theoretical
horizon to contain the Aristotelian concept of praxis. It is claimed
that praxis knowing needs to be comprehended in order to realize the full,
radical potential in action research providing real âadded valueâ in relation
to more conventional social research approaches. Praxis knowing radically
challenges the divisions of labour between knower-researchers and the
known-researched. Thereby it also challenges both the epistemologies and
institutionalisations dominating both conventional research and conventional
ways of conceptualising action research